Piles
20 degrees for steel piles (NAVFAC)
0.67f - 0.83f (USACE)
20 degrees for steel (Broms)
f3/4 for concrete (Broms)
f2/3 for timber (Broms)
0.67f (Lindeburg)
Nordlund attempts to more precisely quantify the external friction angle, d, by using various
charts based on the angle of internal friction,
f, and volume of pile
where f =
angle of internal friction of the soil (degrees)
Retaining Walls
d
= 2f for concrete walls (Coulomb)
3
where f =
angle of internal friction of the soil (degrees)
Other soil and soil related properties are listed below:
Angle of Internal Friction
Bearing Capacity Factors
Cohesion
External Friction Angle
Factor of Safety
Lateral Earth Pressure Coefficients
Modulus of Vertical Subgrade Reaction
Soil Unit Weights
Young's Modulus or modulus of elasticity
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